MCQ on SEBA Class 9 Geography Chapter 1: Changes on the Earth’s Surface

MCQ on SEBA Class 9 Geography Chapter 1: Changes on the Earth’s Surface

MCQs on Exogenic factors of Earth’s surface change

1. What percentage of the Earth’s surface is covered by oceans (hydrosphere)?
(A) 29%
(B) 50%
(C) 71%
(D) 60%

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2. Which of the following is not an example of exogenic factors?
(A) River
(B) Earthquake
(C) Wind
(D) Glacier

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3. The land surface and ocean bottoms are made irregular mainly due to:
(A) Biotic activities
(B) Exogenic processes only
(C) Human activities
(D) Endogenic factors

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4. Which process is responsible for the movement of plates that causes earthquakes and volcanic eruptions?
(A) Sea-wave action
(B) Plate tectonics
(C) Wind erosion
(D) Glacial movement

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5. Which of the following are considered exogenic factors?
(A) Earthquake and volcano
(B) Plate tectonics and coral reef
(C) River and glacier
(D) Earthquake and sea-floor spreading

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6. The primary sources of exogenic factors are:
(A) Earth’s core and mantle
(B) Earth’s crust and oceans
(C) The sun and the atmosphere
(D) Earthquakes and volcanoes

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7. The forces that operate from outside the Earth’s surface are called:
(A) Endogenic forces
(B) Tectonic forces
(C) Exogenic forces
(D) Seismic forces

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8. Which of the following is/are an endogenic factor?
(A) Earthquake
(B) Volcanic eruption
(C) Both (A) and (B)
(D) None of the above

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9. Which major process is responsible for earthquakes and volcanic eruptions?
(A) Weathering
(B) Plate tectonics
(C) Erosion
(D) Deposition

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10. During which period did glaciers extensively cover the Earth’s surface?
(A) Jurassic Period
(B) Ice Age
(C) Modern Era
(D) Cretaceous Period

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11. Which exogenic factor is dominant in desert areas?
(A) Rivers
(B) Glaciers
(C) Wind
(D) Sea waves

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12. Which of the following is NOT an exogenic factor?
(A) Sunshine
(B) River
(C) Earthquake
(D) Glacier

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MCQs on Works of River

13. Which of the following is NOT a primary work of a river?
(A) Erosion
(B) Transportation
(C) Deposition
(D) Flooding

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14. What is the term for the elongated path through which a river flows from source to mouth?
(A) River basin
(B) River channel
(C) Floodplain
(D) Delta

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15. Which process involves the direct action of water eroding the channel materials?
(A) Abrasion
(B) Solution
(C) Hydraulic action
(D) Lateral cutting

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16. What type of erosion occurs when a river widens its channel by eroding its banks in the plains?
(A) Vertical erosion
(B) Hydraulic erosion
(C) Lateral erosion
(D) Bank accumulation

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17. A zigzag river course found in plains is known as:
(A) Braided course
(B) Meandering course
(C) U-shaped valley
(D) Deltaic stream

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18. What is formed when a river cuts off a meander and creates a separate lake-like structure?
(A) Sandbar
(B) Natural levee
(C) Horse-shoe lake
(D) Floodplain

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19. In which state are sediments like salts transported by a river?
(A) Suspended state
(B) Rolling state
(C) Dissolved state
(D) Floating state

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20. Which of the following is not a way by which a river carries sediment?
(A) Dissolved load
(B) Suspended load
(C) Lateral float
(D) Bed load

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21. Where does a river mostly deposit its sediments?
(A) In its upper course only
(B) On hilltops
(C) On the bed, banks, and mouth
(D) In underground caves

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22. Which depositional feature is formed by the accumulation of sediments on both banks of a river ?
(A) Sandbar
(B) Alluvial cone
(C) Plateau
(D) Floodplain

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23. Which of the following statements about sandbars is true?
(A) They are formed only in oceans.
(B) They are always permanent structures.
(C) They are temporary and vary in size and shape.
(D) They are man-made features.

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24. Majuli, the large river island in Assam, is a type of:
(A) Delta
(B) Plateau
(C) Sandbar
(D) Floodplain

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25. The long embankment formed by the deposition of heavy materials near the river channel are called:
(A) Sand dunes
(B) Natural levees
(C) Alluvial terraces
(D) Deltas

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26. Which of the following rivers does not form a delta at its mouth?
(A) Brahmaputra
(B) Mississippi
(C) Amazon
(D) Yamuna

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27. Deltas are shaped like which letter in Assamese or Greek?
(A) X or Ψ
(B) ব or Δ
(C) ক or Ω
(D) ম or Σ

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MCQs on Works of Wind

28. Which of the following is an important exogenic factor affecting desert regions significantly?
(A) Glacier
(B) Earthquake
(C) River
(D) Wind

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29. What are the three main processes by which wind modifies the Earth’s surface?
(A) Melting, erosion, and burning
(B) Erosion, transportation, and deposition
(C) Folding, faulting, and uplifting
(D) Freezing, thawing, and boiling

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30. The process by which wind blows away sands and dust in desert environments is called:
(A) Suspension
(B) Deflation
(C) Abrasion
(D) Evaporation

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31. Which of the following landforms is created by the deposition of sand due to wind?
(A) Yardang
(B) Inselberg
(C) Sand dune
(D) Delta

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32. Which factor does NOT influence the shape and size of sand dunes in deserts?
(A) Strength of the wind
(B) Path of wind flow
(C) Wind’s nature
(D) Ocean currents

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33. What kind of landform is a result of erosion caused by the friction of wind carrying rocks and pebbles in deserts?
(A) Deflation basin
(B) Sandbar
(C) Abrasion features
(D) Moraine

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34. Which landform is referred to as a low erosional hill commonly found in deserts?
(A) Inselberg
(B) Yardang
(C) Plateau
(D) Cliff

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35. Which landform is described as an isolated island mountain formed due to wind erosion in deserts?
(A) Sand dune
(B) Yardang
(C) Inselberg
(D) Natural levee

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36. What does the German word ‘inselberg’ mean?
(A) Wind-eroded rock
(B) Sand-covered valley
(C) Isolated island mountain
(D) Rocky desert plain

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37. Which of the following is a geomorphic feature characterized by ridges and grooves formed due to wind abrasion?
(A) Moraine
(B) Yardang
(C) Levee
(D) Oxbow lake

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38. The term ‘yardang’ was originally used by indigenous people from which region?
(A) Sahara Desert, Africa
(B) Atacama Desert, South America
(C) Tarim Basin, China
(D) Thar Desert, India

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39. What is a yardang in the context of desert landforms?
(A) A type of sand dune
(B) A ridge and groove feature formed by wind erosion
(C) A temporary lake in a depressed area
(D) A fertile plain formed by wind deposition

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40. What may form temporarily in depressed areas created by deflation in deserts?
(A) Sand dunes
(B) Lakes
(C) Inselbergs
(D) Yardangs

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41. Which of the following natural hazards is related to wind activity?
(A) Earthquake
(B) Tornado
(C) Avalanche
(D) Tsunami

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MCQs on Works of Glacier

42. What is a glacier?
(A) A stationary ice deposit in deserts
(B) A large deposit of moving water
(C) A mass of ice moving slowly down a slope
(D) A frozen lake in a mountain

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43. Which of the following is a type of glacier?
(A) Sand dune glacier
(B) Continental glacier
(C) Delta glacier
(D) Coastal glacier

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44. Which of the following regions is mostly covered by continental glaciers?
(A) Deserts
(B) Tropical forests
(C) Polar regions
(D) River valleys

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45. Which of the following regions does the glacier mainly occur?

(A) Alps of Europe
(B) Rockies in North America
(C) Himalayas in Asia
(D) All of the above

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46. What is the typical velocity of most continental glaciers?
(A) More than 10 meters a day
(B) Less than 1 meter a day
(C) 5 meters a day
(D) 100 meters a day

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47. What is the cross-sectional shape of a glacial channel?
(A) V-shaped
(B) U-shaped
(C) Circular
(D) Zigzag

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48. Which of the following landforms is formed due to erosion by several glaciers around a mountain?
(A) Drumlin
(B) Moraine
(C) Glacial horn
(D) Esker

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49. What are the transported materials carried by glaciers called?
(A) Sediments
(B) Debris
(C) Moraines
(D) Alluvium

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50. Which type of moraine is carried along the valley sides of a glacier?
(A) Medial moraine
(B) Lateral moraine
(C) Ground moraine
(D) Terminal moraine

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51. Which moraine is found under the glacier on the valley floor?
(A) Lateral moraine
(B) Ground moraine
(C) Medial moraine
(D) Terminal moraine

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52. What is formed when two glaciers meet and their lateral moraines merge in the middle?
(A) Terminal moraine
(B) Medial moraine
(C) Ground moraine
(D) Hanging valley

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53. The moraines deposited in the terminous of the glacier are called___
(A) Lateral moraine
(B) Ground moraine
(C) Medial moraine
(D) Terminal moraine

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54. Where is the terminal or end moraine formed?
(A) At the glacier’s highest point
(B) Along the glacier’s sides
(C) At the point where the glacier meets the sea
(D) Where the glacier starts melting

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55. Which of the following is not a type of moraine?
(A) Ground moraine
(B) Lateral moraine
(C) Fluvial moraine
(D) Medial moraine

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56. Which of the following is a depositional feature of glaciers?
(A) Drun
(B) Kame
(C) Esker
(D) All of the above

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57. What is formed beyond the terminal moraine when glacial ice melts?
(A) A lake
(B) A river
(C) A sandbar
(D) A glacial horn

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58. The speed of glacier movement mainly depends on all of the following except:
(A) The amount of ice deposits
(B) Structure and slope of the surface
(C) Rainfall
(D) Atmospheric temperature

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59. Which mountain ranges are known for having valley glaciers?
(A) Andes and Ural
(B) Rockies, Alps, and Himalayas
(C) Aravalli and Vindhya
(D) Nilgiri and Satpura

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MCQs on Sea-Wave Action

60. What percentage of the Earth’s surface is covered by oceans?
(A) 29%
(B) 61%
(C) 71%
(D) 51%

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61. The contact zone between oceans and continents is called______
(A) Seabed
(B) Coastline
(C) Continental shelf
(D) Beach

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62. Which of the following processes primarily shapes the coastal landscape?
(A) Rainfall
(B) Glacial erosion
(C) Sea-wave action
(D) Volcanic eruption

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63. Which factor does not influence the intensity of sea-wave action?
(A) Geological structure
(B) Type of clouds
(C) Coastal vegetation
(D) Wind action

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64. What is called for a steep coastal feature formed by wave erosion on hard rocks like granite and basalt?
(A) Beach
(B) Sea-cliff
(C) Sandbar
(D) Headland

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65. Which of the following is a major exogenic process operating in coastal areas?
(A) Volcanic eruption
(B) Sea-wave action
(C) Earthquake
(D) Glacial movement

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66. What coastal feature is formed by the deposition of sand due to continuous wave action?
(A) Sand dune
(B) Coral reef
(C) Beach
(D) Delta

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67. Which of the following is not a depositional feature of wave action?
(A) Beach
(B) Sandbar
(C) Sea-cliff
(D) Spit

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68. What causes a tsunami?
(A) Continuous wave erosion
(B) River flooding
(C) Earthquakes in the ocean floor
(D) Strong winds in deserts

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69. What are the two wave actions that create beach features?
(A) Uplift and erosion
(B) Swash and backwash
(C) Freeze and thaw
(D) Wind and rain

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70. What is the approximate total length of the world’s coastline?
(A) 1 million km
(B) 0.75 million km
(C) 0.5 million km
(D) 2 million km

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71. Which type of coast is usually found where rocks like granite and basalt are present?
(A) Deltaic coast
(B) Sea-cliff
(C) Sandy beach
(D) Coral coast

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72. Why do beaches attract people?
(A) Due to the presence of cliffs
(B) Because they are rich in minerals
(C) Due to their recreational value
(D) Because they are dangerous

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73. What are the devastating waves caused by earthquakes on the ocean floor called?
(A) Swash
(B) Backwash
(C) Tsunami
(D) Tidal waves

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